Wildlife on Mount Meru: trekking with elephants and colobus monkeys

A brief history of Arusha National Park

Arusha National Park was established in 1960 and covers 552 km², encompassing Mount Meru, the Ngurdoto Crater, and the Momela Lakes. Before colonial times, the area was used by the Maasai for grazing; the mountain itself was considered a sacred place. The park suffered from poaching in the 1970s‑80s, but intensive conservation efforts have restored healthy populations of elephants, buffalos, and other species. Today, it is one of the few places in Africa where you can combine a multi‑day mountain trek with close wildlife encounters.

Animals you are likely to see

• Black‑and‑white colobus monkey – The star of the forest. These acrobatic primates have long white tails and no thumbs. They live in troops and are often seen leaping between trees near the trail.
• Elephants – Forest elephants (smaller than savanna elephants) roam the lower slopes. You may encounter them near the Momella Gate or around Miriakamba Hut. A ranger will ensure a safe distance.
• Buffalo – Herds of Cape buffalo are common in the open glades. They can be aggressive; never approach them.
• Giraffe – Maasai giraffes are often seen grazing near the park entrance and along the forest‑savanna ecotone.
• Warthog – Frequently seen grazing on the lawns near park buildings; harmless if not provoked.
• Bushbuck & duiker – Shy antelopes that may dart across the path.
• Leopard – Rare but present. Their footprints are sometimes found near the crater rim. The armed ranger carries a rifle primarily for leopard and buffalo.
• Birdlife – Over 400 bird species, including turacos, hornbills, sunbirds, and the near‑endemic Taveta weaver.

Safety guidelines – why an armed ranger is mandatory

All trekkers on Mount Meru are required to have an armed national park ranger (in addition to your guide). The ranger’s role is to deter and, if necessary, defend against aggressive wildlife, especially buffalo and elephant. The rules are simple:

• Stay on the trail – do not wander into thick bush.
• Keep noise levels low – loud talking or music can disturb animals.
• Listen to the ranger – if they signal you to stop or move, obey immediately.
• Do not use flash photography – especially with elephants or buffalos.
• Never feed any animal – monkeys can become aggressive and spread disease.

Best time of day for wildlife sightings

Early morning (6‑9 am) and late afternoon (4‑6 pm) are the best times. The forest section near Momella Gate is active with monkeys and birds in the morning. If you choose the 4‑day itinerary, you will have more time to linger in wildlife‑rich zones. The 3‑day trek is more rushed but still offers good chances.

The unique black‑and‑white colobus monkey

This species (Colobus guereza) is called “guereza” in Swahili. They are highly social, living in groups of 5‑10 individuals. Their striking white fur contrasts with jet‑black bodies and a long white tail. They feed almost exclusively on leaves, which is why they have a large, multi‑chambered stomach. You will often hear them before seeing them – a low, guttural “croak” that echoes through the forest. They are not aggressive toward humans if you keep your distance. A sighting of a colobus leaping across the trail is a highlight of any Meru trek.

Ethical wildlife photography tips

• Use a telephoto lens (200‑400mm) to avoid getting too close.
• Turn off flash – it startles animals and is often ineffective in daylight.
• Be patient – wildlife will often approach if you stay still and quiet.
• Never block an animal’s path or separate a mother from its young.

Travelers’ Most Asked Questions